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Characteristics of language Definitions of language Many definitions of language have been proposed. Henry Sweet, an English phonetician and language scholar, stated: Words are combined into sentences, this combination answering to that of ideas into thoughts.
Trager formulated the following definition: A number of considerations marked in italics below enter into a proper understanding of language as a subject: Every physiologically and mentally typical person acquires in childhood the ability to make use, as both sender and receiver, of a system of communication that comprises a circumscribed set of symbols e.
In spoken languagethis symbol set consists of noises resulting from movements of certain organs within the throat and mouth. In signed languagesthese symbols may be hand or body movements, gestures, or facial expressions.
By means of these symbols, people are able to impart information, to Language learning in primary schools essay feelings and emotions, to influence the activities of others, and to comport themselves with varying degrees of friendliness or hostility toward persons who make use of substantially the same set of symbols.
Different systems of communication constitute different languages; the degree of difference needed to establish a different language cannot be stated exactly. No two people speak exactly alike; hence, one is able to recognize the voices of friends over the telephone and to keep distinct a number of unseen speakers in a radio broadcast.
Yet, clearly, no one would say that they speak different languages. Generally, systems of communication are recognized as different languages if they cannot be understood without specific learning by both parties, though the precise limits of mutual intelligibility are hard to draw and belong on a scale rather than on either side of a definite dividing line.
Substantially different systems of communication that may impede but do not prevent mutual comprehension are called dialects of a language. In order to describe in detail the actual different language patterns of individuals, the term idiolectmeaning the habits of expression of a single person, has been coined.
Typically, people acquire a single language initially—their first language, or native tongue, the language used by those with whom, or by whom, they are brought up from infancy. Complete mastery of two languages is designated as bilingualism ; in many cases—such as upbringing by parents using different languages at home or being raised within a multilingual community—children grow up as bilinguals.
Language, as described above, is species-specific to human beings.
Other members of the animal kingdom have the ability to communicate, through vocal noises or by other means, but the most important single feature characterizing human language that is, every individual languageagainst every known mode of animal communication, is its infinite productivity and creativity.
Animal communication systems are by contrast very tightly circumscribed in what may be communicated. Indeed, displaced reference, the ability to communicate about things outside immediate temporal and spatial contiguity, which is fundamental to speech, is found elsewhere only in the so-called language of bees.
Bees are able, by carrying out various conventionalized movements referred to as bee dances in or near the hive, to indicate to others the locations and strengths of food sources.
But food sources are the only known theme of this communication system. Surprisingly, however, this system, nearest to human language in function, belongs to a species remote from humanity in the animal kingdom.
On the other hand, the animal performance superficially most like human speech, the mimicry of parrots and of some other birds that have been kept in the company of humans, is wholly derivative and serves no independent communicative function.
Attempts to teach sign language to chimpanzees and other apes through imitation have achieved limited success, though the interpretation of the significance of ape signing ability remains controversial. However, sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic studies have drawn attention to a range of other functions for language.
Among these is the use of language to express a national or local identity a common source of conflict in situations of multiethnicity around the world, such as in Belgium, Indiaand Quebec.
Language interacts with every aspect of human life in society, and it can be understood only if it is considered in relation to society.
This article attempts to survey language in this light and to consider its various functions and the purposes it can and has been made to serve.
Because each language is both a working system of communication in the period and in the community wherein it is used and also the product of its history and the source of its future development, any account of language must consider it from both these points of view.
The science of language is known as linguistics. It includes what are generally distinguished as descriptive linguistics and historical linguistics.
Linguistics is now a highly technical subject; it embraces, both descriptively and historically, such major divisions as phoneticsgrammar including syntax and morphologysemanticsand pragmaticsdealing in detail with these various aspects of language.The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue.
Language Learning in Primary Schools Essay - Primary schools that introduce language learning at an earlier phase may do so for a number of purposes, but it is because of the benefits of learning a language at a younger age that this paper has chosen Modern .
Learning should never be limited. I agree with the fact foreign language should be compulsory in primary school. Learning in the primary school increases the opportunity to choose the better path and develop carrier. Making foreign language compulsory in primary school will enhance the students to get exposure to variety of language.
FAITH | LEARNING | COMMUNITY. In the way of Jesus, St Joseph’s Catholic High School aspires to respect and celebrate the dignity of all. Inspired by the life of St Joseph, the school promotes a culture of faith, justice and service. Learning a foreign language at primary school has become a growing trend in many countries in the world.
Just as a coin has two sides, early childhood foreign language learning also has its own advantages and disadvantages. This essay will discuss the benefits and disadvantages of learning a foreign language soon.
The Firs School Chester Welcome. On behalf of all the staff and children at The Firs School I would like to welcome you to our school website which offers a broad view of our vision for the future and the many successes and achievements of our students.