Scientific testing on animals essay

Some of the things I said in the article are no longer true of me, or of what I currently believe. Also, just possibly, you may find yourself smiling or even laughing out loud at one part or another.

New data results in new theories, and theories inspire experiments which are designed to test them This cyclic process propels science forwards. Any new theory must displace an old one, and each new theory therefore needs abundant evidence in its favour. No-one will abandon the standing theory without good reason.

The Science of Mind and Behaviour 8 "with some chapters on science, and offers the following as two major steps in scientific theory: Theory Construction, "an attempt to explain observed phenomena".

Hypothesis Testing, involving "making specific predictions about behaviour under certain specified conditions".

The best thing about theories is that when new evidence comes to light, new theories arise to replace or modify the old ones. Russell explains how science starts with initial observations and continually builds until major theories are brought to general acceptance through long periods of practical trial and error.

From a number of such facts a general rule is arrived at, of which, if it is true, the facts in questions are instances. This rule is not positively asserted, but is accepted, to begin with, as a working hypothesis.

If it is correct, certain hitherto unobserved phenomenon will take place in certain circumstances. If it is found that they do take place, that so far confirms the hypothesis; if they do not, the hypothesis must be discarded and a new one must be invented.

However many facts are found to fit the hypothesis, that does not make it certain, although in the end it may come to be thought of in a high degree probable; in that case, it is called a theory rather than a hypothesis.

It can even be dangerous: If data leads a researcher to claim some radical new element of cause and effect, then, there has to be a valid underlying theoretical framework in addition to the data The lack of good theory can lead people far 'down the garden path', i. A common criticism of the theories of evolution and of the big bang is that "they are only theories".

However, they misunderstand what the word "theory" means. A scientific theory that explains the facts well is accepted; whereas one that doesn't is rejected. That something "is only a theory" does not affect whether it is accurate or not. Some example theories include the theory of gravity, and the theory that the Earth orbits the Sun.Discursive essay example.

In this page, you will concentrate on one discursive essay structure. Below you will find an example discursive essay. Read the essay over carefully. Animal testing is a hot button issue with a multitude of opinions on each side.

It’s an industry where there are entire companies dedicated to the breeding of animals used for experimental purposes. Apr 12,  · Most students doing PTE Academic gets stressed about PTE Essay Topics..

Worrying about getting an unfamiliar topic and not having any good ideas to write about the subject, is making students stressed and nervous. Cruelty of Cosmetic Testing on Animals Each year, thousands of animals are brutally tortured in laboratories, in the name of cosmetic research.

A movement to ban animal testing for cosmetic purposes has been gaining popularity, with many companies hopping on the bandwagon against this research. Argumentative Essay Topics From Team At Essay Basics Click To See Examples Of Argumentative Writing. When it comes to essay writing professors usually supply students with topics to write regardbouddhiste.comr, there are cases when a student is free to write on any topic he wishes.

Animals Testing Essay - Model Answer Issues related to animal experimentation are frequently discussed these days, particularly in the media.

It is often said that animals should not be used in testing because it is cruel and unnecessary.